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The more plentiful cell type making up the Nervous System is the {{Glia}}, which consists of at least 5 sub-types including the {{Oligodendrocytes}} that sheath axons of some CNS neurons with a fatty substance, made up of their cell membrane, called {{myelin}}.
Of the others of this more numerous class of cells in the Nervous System: the {{Astroctye}} is a multipurpose cell which, among other things, provides nutrients from the blood to neurons and takes waste products in the opposite direction; the {{Microglia}} are specialized immune cells; and the {{Ependymal cells}} that line the brain's fluid spaces to form part of the {{Blood-Brain Barrier}}, which reduces the likelihood of toxic substances getting from the blood into the brain.
In neurons we can generally assign function to certain cell parts:
- Inputs are generally received at the {{dendrites}},
- Integration of all these inputs takes place at the {{axon hillock}};
If integration results in a message to be transmitted to the next cell, transmission occurs along the {{axon}} which, together with the rest of the neuron, is given a defined structure by the {{cytoskeleton}}.
The relay of information to the next cell generally takes place from {{terminals}} at the highly-specific {{discrete}} synapses and from {{varicosities}} at the less specific {{diffuse}} synapses.
Generally neurons transmit information or commands to the next cell using {{chemicals}} called {{neurotransmitters}}, which bind to special target structures, called {{receptors}}, on the recipient cell.
Finally, neurons have their cell bodies collected in discrete groups called {{ganglia}} in the PNS and {{nuclei or fields}} in the CNS, and their axons run together in groups called {{nerve tracts}} in the CNS and their axons run together in groups called to contact cells at another location (including nerve cells).